10 research outputs found

    Local anesthesia with epinephrine is safe and effective for oral surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease: a prospective randomized study

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    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood glucose levels, hemodynamic effects and patient anxiety scores during tooth extraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM and coronary disease under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with or without epinephrine. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 patients with T2DM with coronary disease who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood glucose levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Patients were randomized into two groups: 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine, and 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and anxiety levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood glucose levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood glucose levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and anxiety status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine neither caused hyperglycemia nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or anxiety parameters. However, lower blood glucose levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood glucose monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with epinephrine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease

    Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure during dental treatment of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease

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    OBJECTIVES: In this observational study, we evaluated the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and blood pressure of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease who were undergoing dental extraction. METHODS: Forty-four patients between the ages of 6 and 12 years who underwent upper primary tooth extraction were included in the study. Of these, 20 patients were in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group and 24 were in the control group. RESULTS: Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group varied quite significantly during the treatment protocol (

    Sedação com benzodiazepínicos orais na prática odontológica em pacientes cardíacos: uma revisão de literatura

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    Existem diferentes tipos de sedação utilizados para a realização de procedimentos médicos e odontológicos. As medicações mais comumente usadas para este fim são os benzodiazepínicos, considerados seguros e efetivos na prática odontológica hospitalar ou ambulatorial. No entanto, na prática clínica odontológica, eles são subutilizados, especialmente em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi abordar o uso de benzodiazepínicos como sedativos orais, suas indicações, contraindicações e peculiaridades, bem como sua correlação com pacientes cardíacos, através de uma revisão da literatura. Sedação, ou ansiólise mínima, é um estado induzido por medicamentos, durante o qual os pacientes respondem normalmente a comandos verbais e reflexos das vias aéreas, enquanto a função respiratória e cardiovascular não é afetada. Os efeitos benéficos de benzodiazepínicos incluem redução da ansiedade, indução e manutenção do sono, relaxamento muscular e tratamento e prevenção de convulsões epiléticas. Benzodiazepínicos são indicados para pacientes com ansiedade, mas devem ser usados com cautela em pacientes com doenças graves, gravidez ou que utilizem outros depressores do sistema nervoso central. É importante que o dentista conheça e use esta classe de medicamentos, melhorando a qualidade de atendimento para o paciente cardíaco.There are different types of sedation used for performing medical and dental procedures. The medications most commonly used for this purpose are benzodiazepines, which are considered safe and effective in the hospital or outpatient dental practice. However, in dental clinical practice, they are underutilized, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to address the use of benzodiazepines as oral sedatives, their indications, contraindications, and peculiarities, as well as their correlation with cardiac patients, through a literature review. Sedation or minimum anxiolysis is a drug-induced state during which patients respond normally to verbal commands and airway reflexes, while respiratory and cardiovascular functions are unaffected. The beneficial effects of benzodiazepines include reduced anxiety, sleep induction and maintenance, muscle relaxation, and treatment and prevention of epileptic seizures. Benzodiazepines are indicated for patients with anxiety but should be used with caution in patients with serious illnesses, pregnancy or using other central nervous system depressants. Its use in cardiac patients is safe and effective because it reduces the hemodynamic function. It is important for the dentist to know and use this class of medications, improving the quality of care for the cardiac patient

    Maternal-fetal monitoring of patients with rheumatic heart disease during dental procedure under local anesthesia

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    Modificações na fisiologia do organismo da mulher ocorrem durante a gravidez em conseqüência às alterações hormonais, anatômicas e metabólicas. No sistema circulatório a modificação mais significativa é o aumento do débito cardíaco a partir do primeiro trimestre da gestação. Mulheres portadoras de cardiopatias podem apresentar graves complicações durante o período gestacional devido à inapropriada adaptação à sobrecarga hemodinâmica, mesmo em pacientes consideradas em capacidade funcional favorável, no início da gestação. A literatura carece de estudos dos efeitos dos anestésicos locais com ou sem vasoconstritor utilizados nos procedimentos odontológicos, sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares de mulheres gestantes portadoras de valvopatias e seus conceptos. A escassez científica fez deste tema nosso objetivo de estudo: avaliar e analisar parâmetros da cardiotocografia, como freqüência cardíaca, motilidade fetal e contrações uterinas e de pressão arterial e eletrocardiográficos da gestante portadora de doença valvar reumática quando submetida à anestesia local com lidocaína, com e sem vasoconstritor, durante procedimento odontológico restaurador. Para tanto, a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) e a eletrocardiografia ambulatorial (Holter) materna, ambas obtidas durante 24 horas e a cardiotografia (CTG) de 31 portadoras de cardiopatia reumática entre a 28ª e 37ª semana de gestação, nos períodos: (1) basal - 60 minutos antes do procedimento para MAPA e Holter e 20 minutos para CTG; (2) procedimento - 56+15,5minutos (média+desvio padrão); (3) pós-procedimento - 20 minutos; e (4) média das 24 horas para freqüência cardíaca e extra-sístoles e média da vigília e do sono para pressão arterial, permitiu a análise da variação desses parâmetros, utilizando-se lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor e lidocaína 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000, compondo-as em dois grupos. Demonstrou-se redução significativa nos valores de freqüência cardíaca materna durante o procedimento somente quando comparado aos demais períodos (p0,05). Houve ocorrência de arritmia cardíaca em 9 (29,0%) pacientes, sendo 7 (41,8%) do grupo que recebeu anestesia com adrenalina. A pressão arterial materna não apresentou diferença quando comparamos os períodos ou os grupos (p>0,05). O mesmo ocorreu (p>0,05) nas análises comparativas dos parâmetros fetais obtidos por meio da CTG - número de contrações, nível e variabilidade da linha de base, número de acelerações da freqüência cardíaca fetal e padrão de reatividade fetal. Concluiu-se que o uso da lidocaína 2% associado à adrenalina mostrou-se seguro em procedimento odontológico durante a gestação de mulheres com cardiopatia valvar reumática.During pregnancy, the organic systems of a woman are subjected to physiological modifications consequential to hormonal, anatomic and metabolical alterations. The most significant modification in the circulatory system is an increased cardiac output from the first three months of gestation. Women with heart disease may present with severe complications during the gestational period, because of inappropriate adaptation of her body to this hemodynamic overload, even those patients who are thought to have an appropriate functional capacity during early pregnancy. There are scant studies in the literature on the effects of local anesthetics, with and without vasoconstrictor, used in dental procedures on the cardiovascular variables of pregnant women with valvar disease, as well as on their concepti. Driven by this shortage, we decided to have this subject studied, by assessing and analyzing cardiotachographic parameters, such as heart rate, fetal motility and uterine contractions, in addition to blood pressure and electrocardiographic variables, in pregnant women with rheumatic valvar disease who undergo local anesthesia with lidocaine, with and without vasoconstrictor, during restorative dental procedure. For this, 31 rheumatic heart disease patients who were in their 28th to 37th week of gestation, had 24-hour ambulatory monitoring of their blood pressure (BP) and Holter electrocardiography (Holter-ECG), and cardiotocography (CTG), performed during: (1) baseline - 60 minutes before the procedure for BP and Holter- ECG monitoring, and 20 minutes before the procedure for CTG; (2) procedure - 56±15.5 minutes (mean±SD); (3) post-procedure - 20 minutes; and (4) mean 24-hour heart rate and extrasystoles measurement, and mean wake and sleeping periods BP monitoring. Variation of the above variables was analyzed in two groups, one with infusion of a 2% solution of lidocaine with vasoconstrictor, and the other with infusion of a 2% solution of lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100.000. The maternal heart rate values obtained during the procedure showed a significant reduction only in comparison with the other time periods (P0.05). Cardiac arrhythmia was detected in 9 (29.0%) patients, 7 of them (41.8%) from the group who received anesthetics with epinephrine. Maternal blood pressure did not show any significant difference neither between time periods, nor between groups (P>0.05). The same occurred in the comparative analysis of the fetal parameters obtained during CTG -number of contractions, level and variability from baseline, number of fetal heart rate accelerations and fetal reactivity pattern. Our conclusion was that the use of 2% solution of lidocaine in association with epinephrine proved safe during dental procedure in pregnant women with rheumatic valvar cardiopathy

    Local anesthesia with epinephrine is safe and effective for oral surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease: a prospective randomized study

    No full text
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood glucose levels, hemodynamic effects and patient anxiety scores during tooth extraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM and coronary disease under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with or without epinephrine. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 patients with T2DM with coronary disease who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood glucose levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Patients were randomized into two groups: 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine, and 35 patients received 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and anxiety levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood glucose levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood glucose levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and anxiety status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine neither caused hyperglycemia nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or anxiety parameters. However, lower blood glucose levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood glucose monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with epinephrine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease

    Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure during dental treatment of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease

    No full text
    OBJECTIVES: In this observational study, we evaluated the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, and blood pressure of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease who were undergoing dental extraction. METHODS: Forty-four patients between the ages of 6 and 12 years who underwent upper primary tooth extraction were included in the study. Of these, 20 patients were in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group and 24 were in the control group. RESULTS: Peripheral oxygen saturation, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure in the cyanotic congenital heart disease group varied quite significantly during the treatment protocol (p<0.05), with values of 80.5% (±7.6) to 82.8% (±7.8), 95.3 beats per minute (bpm) (±11.3) to 101.3 bpm (±9.8), and 93.6 mm Hg (±13,3) to 103.8 mm Hg (±12.7), respectively. The variations in the control group during the procedure were also significant. CONCLUSIONS: The changes observed during the study protocol, although statistically significant, were mild and lacked clinical relevance. The results indicate that dental treatment of children with cyanotic heart disease using a standardized protocol in decentralized offices without the support of a surgical center is safe

    Efeitos do uso da adrenalina na anestesia local odontológica em portador de coronariopatia

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    FUNDAMENTO: A literatura é controversa no que se refere ao uso de vasoconstritores para anestesia local em cardiopatas, havendo preocupação com a indução de descompensação cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Avaliar parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e de pressão arterial durante procedimento odontológico restaurador sob anestesia local com e sem vasoconstritor em portadores de doença arterial coronária. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo foram avaliados 62 pacientes. As idades variaram de 39 a 80 anos (média de 58,7 + 8,8) anos, sendo 51 pacientes (82,3%) do sexo masculino. Do total de pacientes, 30 foram randomizados para receber anestesia com lidocaína 2% com adrenalina (grupo LCA) e os demais para lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor (grupo LSA). Todos foram submetidos a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial e eletrocardiografia dinâmica por 24 horas. Foram considerados três períodos: 1) basal (registros obtidos durante os 60 minutos que antecederam o procedimento); 2) procedimento (registros obtidos desde o início da anestesia até o final do procedimento) e 3) das 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Houve elevação da pressão arterial do período basal para o procedimento nos dois grupos quando analisados separadamente; quando confrontados, não apresentaram diferença entre si. A freqüência cardíaca não se alterou nos dois grupos. Depressão do segmento ST > 1 mm não ocorreu durante os períodos basal e procedimento. Arritmias em número superior a 10 por hora estiveram presentes durante o procedimento em sete pacientes (12,5%), sendo quatro (13,8%) do grupo que recebeu anestesia sem adrenalina e três (11,1%) do grupo com adrenalina. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença em relação a comportamento da pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca, evidência de isquemia e arritmias entre os grupos. O uso de vasoconstritor mostrou-se seguro dentro dos limites do estudo

    Monitoreo maternofetal durante procedimiento odontológico en portadora de cardiopatía valvular

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    FUNDAMENTO: Os efeitos da anestesia local em odontologia com lidocaína e epinefrina, sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares de gestantes portadoras de valvopatias e seus conceptos, não estão esclarecidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e analisar parâmetros da cardiotocografia, de pressão arterial e eletrocardiográficos da gestante portadora de doença valvar reumática, quando submetida à anestesia local com 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor e com epinefrina 1:100.000, durante procedimento odontológico restaurador. MÉTODOS: Realizamos monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial, eletrocardiografia ambulatorial materna e cardiotocografia de 31 portadoras de cardiopatia reumática, entre a 28ª e 37ª semana de gestação, divididas em dois grupos conforme presença ou não do vasoconstritor RESULTADOS: Demonstrou-se redução significativa dos valores de frequência cardíaca materna nos dois grupos, durante o procedimento, quando comparado aos demais períodos (p < 0,001). Houve ocorrência de arritmia cardíaca em 9 (29,0%) pacientes, das quais 7 (41,8%) pertencentes ao grupo de 17 gestantes que recebeu anestesia com adrenalina. A pressão arterial materna não apresentou diferença quando comparamos períodos ou grupos (p > 0,05). O mesmo ocorreu (p > 0,05) com número de contrações uterinas, nível e variabilidade da linha de base e número de acelerações da frequência cardíaca fetal. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2% associado à adrenalina mostrou-se seguro e eficaz em procedimento odontológico restaurador durante a gestação de mulheres com cardiopatia valvar reumática.BACKGROUND: The effects of local dental anesthesia with lidocaine and epinephrine on cardiovascular parameters of pregnant women with heart valve diseases and their fetuses are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: To assess and analyze cardiotocographic, blood pressure and electrocardiographic parameters of pregnant women with rheumatic heart valve disease undergoing local anesthesia with 1.8mL of lidocaine 2% with or without epinephrine 1:100,000 during restorative dental treatment. METHODS: Maternal ambulatory blood pressure and electrocardiographic monitoring as well as cardiotocography of 31 patients with rheumatic heart disease were performed between the 28th and 37th week of gestation. The patients were divided into two groups, those with or without vasoconstrictor. RESULTS: A significant reduction in maternal heart rate was shown in both groups during the procedure in comparison with the other periods (p<0.001). Cardiac arrhythmia was observed in nine (29.0%) patients, of which seven (41.8%) were from the group of 17 pregnant women who received anesthesia plus epinephrine. No difference in maternal blood pressure was observed when periods or groups were compared (p>0.05). The same occurred (p>0.05) with the number of uterine contractions, baseline level and variability, and number of accelerations of fetal heart rate. CONCLUSION: The use of 1.8mL of lidocaine 2% in combination with epinephrine was safe and efficient in restorative dental procedures during pregnancy in women with rheumatic heart valve disease.FUNDAMENTO: Los efectos de la anestesia local en odontología con lidocaína y epinefrina, sobre los parámetros cardiovasculares de gestantes portadoras de valvulopatías y sus conceptos, no son claros. OBJETIVO: Evaluar y analizar parámetros de la cardiotocografía, de la presión arterial y electrocardiográficos de la gestante portadora de enfermedad valvular reumática, al someterse a anestesia local con 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2% sin vasoconstrictor y con epinefrina 1:100.000, durante procedimiento odontológico restaurador. MÉTODOS: Realizamos monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial, electrocardiografía ambulatoria materna y cardiotocografía de 31 portadoras de cardiopatía reumática, entre la 28&ordf; y la 37&ordf; semana de gestación, divididas en dos grupos según la presencia o no del vasoconstrictor. RESULTADOS: Se observó reducción significativa de los valores de frecuencia cardíaca materna en los dos grupos, durante el procedimiento, al compararlo con los demás períodos (p < 0,001). Se registró ocurrencia de arritmia cardíaca en 9 (29,0%) pacientes, de las cuales 7 (41,8%) pertenecían al grupo de 17 gestantes que recibió anestesia con adrenalina. La presión arterial materna no presentó diferencia al comparar períodos o grupos (p > 0,05). Lo mismo ocurrió (p > 0,05) con el número de contracciones uterinas, nivel de variabilidad de la línea de base y número de aceleraciones de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de 1,8 ml de lidocaína 2% asociado a la adrenalina se mostró seguro y eficaz en procedimiento odontológico restaurador durante la gestación de mujeres con cardiopatía valvular reumática.FAPES
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